Tapeworms are intestinal parasites that are shaped similarly to a tape measure. Their eggs typically enter a human host from animals through food, particularly raw or undercooked meat. Tapeworm eggs can be present in stools.
It commonly infects many different animals, including humans, livestock, and domestic cats and dogs (usually meat-eating mammals.) A tapeworm cannot live freely on its own. It survives within the gut of animals, including humans
Tapeworm: Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms that live in the intestines of humans and animals. They are long, segmented worms that can vary in size from a few millimeters to several meters.
Cause: Tapeworm infections occur when a person ingests tapeworm eggs or larvae, often through contaminated food or water. In some cases, tapeworms can be acquired by ingesting fleas or lice that carry tapeworm larvae.
Risk Factors:
- Poor sanitation and hygiene practices
- Eating undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork, beef, or fish
- Living in or traveling to areas where tapeworm infection is more common
- Close contact with pets or farm animals that may carry tapeworms
Clinical Features:
- Often asymptomatic, especially in cases of light infestation
- Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, and weakness
- In some cases, segments of the tapeworm may be visible in the stool
Diagnosis:
- Stool examination to look for eggs or segments of the tapeworm
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan to detect the presence of tapeworms in the intestines
Treatment:
- Medications such as praziquantel or albendazole to kill the tapeworm
- Surgery may be necessary in cases of severe infection or complications
Complications:
- Intestinal blockage or obstruction
- Malabsorption of nutrients
- Allergic reactions
- Neurological complications if the tapeworm larvae migrate to the brain or spinal cord (neurocysticercosis)
Prevention:
- Cook meat to a safe temperature to kill any tapeworm larvae
- Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating
- Practice good hygiene, including washing hands regularly and properly disposing of feces
Red Flags:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent nausea or vomiting
- Visible tapeworm segments in the stool
- Neurological symptoms such as seizures or confusion
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Reference
Professional, C.C.M., n.d. Tapeworm Infection [WWW Document]. Cleveland Clinic. URL https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23950-tapeworm-infection
Tapeworm infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic [WWW Document], 2023. . Mayo Clinic. URL https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tapeworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20378174
